Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Untargeted plasma metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of Dendrobium officinale on canine immunity and antioxidant status

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1642292

Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical Spearman’s correlations between the blood metabolites and blood biochemical and index antioxidant index. TC, Total cholesterol; γ -IFN, Interferon-γ; IgM, immunoglobulin M; GLU, glucose; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLB, globulin; A/G, white globulin ratio; TBil, total bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, glutamyl transferase; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TBA, total bile acids; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Serum antioxidant markers: catalase (CAT; #A007-1-1, CV is 1.9%, sensitivity is 0.2 U/mL, detection range is 0.2–24.8 U/mL), malondialdehyde (MDA, #A003-1-2, CV is 2.3%, sensitivity is 0.5 nmoL/mL, detection range is 0.5–113.0 nmoL/mL), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX, #A005-1-2, CV is 3.56%, sensitivity is 20 U, detection range is 20-330 U) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, #A015-1-2, CV is 3.60% sensitivity is 0.2 U/mL, detection range is 0.2–55.2 U/mL) were determined with the commercial test kit procured from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Research Institute (Nanjing, China), and the samples were processed and analyzed in accordance with the instructions provided with the kits.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Veratridine produces distinct calcium response profiles in mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons

doi: 10.1038/srep45221

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Example traces from the two drug application protocols used. Top four traces from experiments where VTD was applied after 200 nM capsaicin. Bottom traces from experiments where VTD was applied before 1 μM capsaicin. In the former case, a lower capsaicin concentration was used to avoid potential indirect suppression of VGSC by capsaicin ( B ). Capsaicin sensitivity and VTD response profiles of 579 neurons from N = 8 mice (combined from the two protocols in A). ( C ) The frequency of occurrence of the four VTD response profiles in the 386 VTD-responsive neurons shows the same order as in . The OS profile is the most frequent (49.7 ± 4%) then the SD (26 ± 5%) followed by the ID (12 ± 2%) and the RD (11.1 ± 4%). ( D ) The proportion of capsaicin-sensitive neurons (closed bars) and capsaicin-insensitive neurons (open bars) within the four VTD response profiles. A larger proportion of SD (76.2 vs. 23.8 ± 6%) and RD neurons (76 vs. 24 ± 8%) is insensitive to capsaicin. OS (58.1 vs. 41.9 ± 5%) and ID neurons (55.3 vs. 43.4 ± 10%) show no difference. Frequency was from total number of neurons in each profile (n (SD) = 111, n (RD) = 30, n (ID) = 42, and n (OS) = 198 neurons). Data shown are mean ± SEM. One-way analysis of variance with Sidak’s post-test, ****P < 0.0001. ( E ) Diameter of SD neurons sensitive to capsaicin is smaller (closed bars, mean 19.9 ± 0.9 μm, median 19.3 μm, n = 33 cell) than diameter of capsaicin insensitive neurons (open bars; 24 ± 0.8 μm, median 21 μm, n = 78 cell). ( F ) Diameter of VTD-unresponsive neurons showing capsaicin-sensitive (closed bars, mean 19.7 ± 0.4 μm, median 19.8 μm, n = 67 cell) and capsaicin-insensitive populations (open bars, mean 21.6 ± 0.5 μm, median 20.3 μm, n = 126 cell). In ( E , F ), dotted lines represent the mean. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: All drugs were made to the required working dilution in standard extracellular ringer solution from stock solutions of the following concentrations: VTD (5 mM in ethanol, Abcam ab120279), Capsaicin (10 mM in ethanol, Tocris 0462), α, β-methylene ATP (10 mM in water, Sigma M6517), TTX (30 μM in citrate buffer, Abcam Asc-054), TNP-ATP triethylammonium salt (10 mM in water, Tocris 2464), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; 100 μM, Sigma 377430).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Veratridine produces distinct calcium response profiles in mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons

doi: 10.1038/srep45221

Figure Lengend Snippet: Venn diagram of the mean percentage of neurons with the SD, OS, RD and ID profiles that responded to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, blue), capsaicin (CAP, red) and α, β-methylene ATP (α, β-CH 2 ATP, green). The percentage of neurons in each profile that did not respond to any of the agonists comprises the fourth non-overlapping circle (white). Percentages were calculated from the total number of neurons in each VTD profile (SD: 168 cell, OS: 251 cell, RD: 44 cell, and ID: 48 cell) in experiment shown in .

Article Snippet: All drugs were made to the required working dilution in standard extracellular ringer solution from stock solutions of the following concentrations: VTD (5 mM in ethanol, Abcam ab120279), Capsaicin (10 mM in ethanol, Tocris 0462), α, β-methylene ATP (10 mM in water, Sigma M6517), TTX (30 μM in citrate buffer, Abcam Asc-054), TNP-ATP triethylammonium salt (10 mM in water, Tocris 2464), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; 100 μM, Sigma 377430).

Techniques: